{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Dataset",
  "@id": "https://data.incenseherbs.com/datasets/ingredients.json",
  "name": "LanDeng Chinese Botanical Incense Ingredient Encyclopedia",
  "description": "Machine-readable definitions of the botanical ingredients in the LanDeng (澜灯) Chinese incense encyclopedia. Chinese terms are the source of truth; English is the agreed translation.",
  "url": "https://data.incenseherbs.com/datasets/ingredients.json",
  "publisher": {
    "@id": "https://incenseherbs.com/#organization"
  },
  "dateModified": "2026-09-20",
  "inLanguage": [
    "en",
    "zh"
  ],
  "isAccessibleForFree": true,
  "distribution": {
    "@type": "DataDownload",
    "encodingFormat": "application/json",
    "contentUrl": "https://data.incenseherbs.com/datasets/ingredients.json"
  },
  "mainEntity": [
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "agarwood",
      "name": "Agarwood",
      "alternateName": [
        "沉香",
        "chénxiāng",
        "Aquilaria spp."
      ],
      "description": "沉香 (chénxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Aquilaria spp. — with an aroma profile of woody, resinous, sweet, complex.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "沉香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "chénxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Aquilaria spp."
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "woody, resinous, sweet, complex"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Woods"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014506",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5524063",
        "https://checklist.cites.org/#/en/search?output_layout=alphabetical&scientific_name=Aquilaria%20malaccensis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "benzoin",
      "name": "Benzoin",
      "alternateName": [
        "安息香",
        "ānxīxiāng",
        "Styrax tonkinensis (Siam); Styrax benzoin / S. paralleloneurus (Sumatra)"
      ],
      "description": "安息香 (ānxīxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Styrax tonkinensis (Siam); Styrax benzoin / S. paralleloneurus (Sumatra) — with an aroma profile of sweet, vanilla, balsamic, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "安息香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "ānxīxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Styrax tonkinensis (Siam); Styrax benzoin / S. paralleloneurus (Sumatra)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, vanilla, balsamic, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200017762",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5371676"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "cedar",
      "name": "Cedar",
      "alternateName": [
        "雪松",
        "xuěsōng",
        "Cedrus spp. (true cedar); note 'cedarwood' often = Juniperus virginiana"
      ],
      "description": "雪松 (xuěsōng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Cedrus spp. (true cedar); note 'cedarwood' often = Juniperus virginiana — with an aroma profile of woody, clean, slightly sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "雪松"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "xuěsōng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Cedrus spp. (true cedar); note 'cedarwood' often = Juniperus virginiana"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "woody, clean, slightly sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Woods"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005268",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5284698"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "chrysanthemum",
      "name": "Chrysanthemum",
      "alternateName": [
        "菊花",
        "júhuā",
        "Chrysanthemum morifolium (and C. indicum)"
      ],
      "description": "菊花 (júhuā) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Chrysanthemum morifolium (and C. indicum) — with an aroma profile of floral, herbal, bittersweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "菊花"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "júhuā"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Chrysanthemum morifolium (and C. indicum)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "floral, herbal, bittersweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=220002857",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3150767"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "cinnamon",
      "name": "Cinnamon",
      "alternateName": [
        "桂皮",
        "guìpí",
        "Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon/cassia); cf. C. verum (Ceylon cinnamon)"
      ],
      "description": "桂皮 (guìpí) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon/cassia); cf. C. verum (Ceylon cinnamon) — with an aroma profile of warm, spicy, sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "桂皮"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "guìpí"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon/cassia); cf. C. verum (Ceylon cinnamon)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "warm, spicy, sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200008698",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3033982"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "clove",
      "name": "Clove",
      "alternateName": [
        "丁香",
        "dīngxiāng",
        "Syzygium aromaticum"
      ],
      "description": "丁香 (dīngxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Syzygium aromaticum — with an aroma profile of spicy, warm, aromatic.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "丁香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "dīngxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Syzygium aromaticum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "spicy, warm, aromatic"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=132166",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3183002"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "frankincense",
      "name": "Frankincense",
      "alternateName": [
        "乳香",
        "rǔxiāng",
        "Boswellia spp. (B. sacra, B. serrata, B. carterii)"
      ],
      "description": "乳香 (rǔxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Boswellia spp. (B. sacra, B. serrata, B. carterii) — with an aroma profile of resinous, citrus, earthy, creamy.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "乳香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "rǔxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Boswellia spp. (B. sacra, B. serrata, B. carterii)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "resinous, citrus, earthy, creamy"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/8330171",
        "https://checklist.cites.org/#/en/search?output_layout=alphabetical&scientific_name=Boswellia%20sacra"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "jasmine",
      "name": "Jasmine",
      "alternateName": [
        "茉莉",
        "mòlì",
        "Jasminum sambac (and other Jasminum spp.)"
      ],
      "description": "茉莉 (mòlì) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Jasminum sambac (and other Jasminum spp.) — with an aroma profile of sweet, floral, heady.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "茉莉"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "mòlì"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Jasminum sambac (and other Jasminum spp.)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, floral, heady"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200017788",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7587215"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "mugwort",
      "name": "Mugwort",
      "alternateName": [
        "艾草",
        "àicǎo",
        "Artemisia spp. (A. argyi, A. vulgaris)"
      ],
      "description": "艾草 (àicǎo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Artemisia spp. (A. argyi, A. vulgaris) — with an aroma profile of herbal, bitter-green, camphoraceous.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "艾草"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "àicǎo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Artemisia spp. (A. argyi, A. vulgaris)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, bitter-green, camphoraceous"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200023167",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3120648"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "myrrh",
      "name": "Myrrh",
      "alternateName": [
        "没药",
        "mòyào",
        "Commiphora myrrha (and other Commiphora spp.)"
      ],
      "description": "没药 (mòyào) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Commiphora myrrha (and other Commiphora spp.) — with an aroma profile of balsamic, earthy, bitter, medicinal.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "没药"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "mòyào"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Commiphora myrrha (and other Commiphora spp.)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "balsamic, earthy, bitter, medicinal"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3994082"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "orange-peel",
      "name": "Orange Peel / Chenpi",
      "alternateName": [
        "陈皮",
        "chénpí",
        "Citrus reticulata (aged mandarin/tangerine peel)"
      ],
      "description": "陈皮 (chénpí) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Citrus reticulata (aged mandarin/tangerine peel) — with an aroma profile of citrus, bittersweet, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "陈皮"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "chénpí"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Citrus reticulata (aged mandarin/tangerine peel)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "citrus, bittersweet, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Peels"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012434",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3190172"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "osmanthus",
      "name": "Osmanthus",
      "alternateName": [
        "桂花",
        "guìhuā",
        "Osmanthus fragrans"
      ],
      "description": "桂花 (guìhuā) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Osmanthus fragrans — with an aroma profile of sweet, floral, apricot, honey.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "桂花"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "guìhuā"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Osmanthus fragrans"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, floral, apricot, honey"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210001392",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3172278"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "patchouli",
      "name": "Patchouli",
      "alternateName": [
        "广藿香",
        "guǎnghuòxiāng",
        "Pogostemon cablin"
      ],
      "description": "广藿香 (guǎnghuòxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Pogostemon cablin — with an aroma profile of earthy, woody, balsamic, spicy.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "广藿香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "guǎnghuòxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Pogostemon cablin"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "earthy, woody, balsamic, spicy"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200020033",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2926672"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "rose",
      "name": "Rose",
      "alternateName": [
        "玫瑰",
        "méiguī",
        "Rosa rugosa (Chinese rose); also Rosa damascena"
      ],
      "description": "玫瑰 (méiguī) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Rosa rugosa (Chinese rose); also Rosa damascena — with an aroma profile of sweet, floral, romantic.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "玫瑰"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "méiguī"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Rosa rugosa (Chinese rose); also Rosa damascena"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, floral, romantic"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200011310",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3003979"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "sandalwood",
      "name": "Sandalwood",
      "alternateName": [
        "檀香",
        "tánxiāng",
        "Santalum album (and other Santalum spp.)"
      ],
      "description": "檀香 (tánxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Santalum album (and other Santalum spp.) — with an aroma profile of creamy, sweet, soft, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "檀香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "tánxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Santalum album (and other Santalum spp.)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "creamy, sweet, soft, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Woods"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2889785",
        "https://checklist.cites.org/#/en/search?output_layout=alphabetical&scientific_name=Santalum%20album"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "vetiver",
      "name": "Vetiver",
      "alternateName": [
        "岩兰草",
        "yánláncǎo",
        "Chrysopogon zizanioides (syn. Vetiveria zizanioides)"
      ],
      "description": "岩兰草 (yánláncǎo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Chrysopogon zizanioides (syn. Vetiveria zizanioides) — with an aroma profile of earthy, woody, smoky, warm.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "岩兰草"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "yánláncǎo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Chrysopogon zizanioides (syn. Vetiveria zizanioides)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "earthy, woody, smoky, warm"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242312768",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5677150"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "borneol",
      "name": "Borneol",
      "alternateName": [
        "龙脑",
        "lóngnǎo",
        "Dryobalanops aromatica (d-borneol); Blumea balsamifera (l-borneol); synthetic borneol"
      ],
      "description": "龙脑 (lóngnǎo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — borneol (Dryobalanops aromatica d-borneol; Blumea balsamifera l-borneol; plus synthetic) — with an aroma profile of camphoraceous, cooling, minty, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "龙脑"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "lóngnǎo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Dryobalanops aromatica (d-borneol); Blumea balsamifera (l-borneol); synthetic borneol"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "camphoraceous, cooling, minty, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200023545",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3189690"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "pine-resin",
      "name": "Pine Resin",
      "alternateName": [
        "松香",
        "sōngxiāng",
        "Pinus spp. (rosin / colophony)"
      ],
      "description": "松香 (sōngxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — pine oleoresin (Pinus spp., rosin/colophony) — with an aroma profile of piney, woody, balsamic, resinous.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "松香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "sōngxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Pinus spp. (rosin / colophony from pine oleoresin)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "piney, woody, balsamic, resinous"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005343",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5285215"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "angelica",
      "name": "Angelica",
      "alternateName": [
        "白芷",
        "báizhǐ",
        "Angelica dahurica"
      ],
      "description": "白芷 (báizhǐ) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Angelica dahurica (the dried root) — with an aroma profile of herbal, aromatic, sweet-bitter, slightly spicy.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "白芷"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "báizhǐ"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Angelica dahurica"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, aromatic, sweet-bitter, slightly spicy"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200015358",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5537813"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "calamus",
      "name": "Calamus",
      "alternateName": [
        "菖蒲",
        "chāngpú",
        "Acorus calamus"
      ],
      "description": "菖蒲 (chāngpú) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Acorus calamus (the rhizome) — with an aroma profile of herbal, spicy, sweet, earthy. Note: calamus oil can contain β-asarone, restricted in food use in some jurisdictions.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "菖蒲"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "chāngpú"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Acorus calamus (and related Acorus spp.)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, spicy, sweet, earthy"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200027130",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2873769"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "sweetgum",
      "name": "Sweetgum",
      "alternateName": [
        "枫香",
        "fēngxiāng",
        "Liquidambar formosana (cf. L. orientalis storax)"
      ],
      "description": "枫香 (fēngxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Liquidambar formosana resin (cf. L. orientalis storax) — with an aroma profile of sweet, balsamic, resinous, warm.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "枫香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "fēngxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Liquidambar formosana (Chinese sweetgum); cf. L. orientalis (storax)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, balsamic, resinous, warm"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200010557",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3702542"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "ambergris",
      "name": "Ambergris",
      "alternateName": [
        "龙涎香",
        "lóngxiánxiāng",
        "Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale, animal-derived)"
      ],
      "description": "龙涎香 (lóngxiánxiāng) is a Chinese incense ingredient (animal-derived, not botanical) — ambergris, a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) secretion — with an aroma profile of marine, sweet, earthy, waxy. Most 'ambergris' today is synthetic.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "龙涎香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "lóngxiánxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale) — animal-derived, not botanical"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "marine, sweet, earthy, waxy"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Animal-derived"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/8123917",
        "https://checklist.cites.org/#/en/search?output_layout=alphabetical&scientific_name=Physeter%20macrocephalus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "agastache-rugosa",
      "name": "Agastache",
      "alternateName": [
        "藿香",
        "huòxiāng",
        "Agastache rugosa"
      ],
      "description": "藿香 (huòxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Agastache rugosa — with an aroma profile of minty, herbal, sweet, anise-like.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "藿香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "huòxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Agastache rugosa"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "minty, herbal, sweet, anise-like"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019465",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7307327"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "atractylodes",
      "name": "Atractylodes",
      "alternateName": [
        "苍术",
        "cāngzhú",
        "Atractylodes lancea"
      ],
      "description": "苍术 (cāngzhú) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Atractylodes lancea — with an aroma profile of herbal, woody, pungent, earthy.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "苍术"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "cāngzhú"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Atractylodes lancea"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, woody, pungent, earthy"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200023527",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3122433"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "borneol-oil",
      "name": "Borneol Oil",
      "alternateName": [
        "龙脑油",
        "lóngnǎo yóu",
        "Dryobalanops aromatica (Borneo camphor tree); also Cinnamomum camphora"
      ],
      "description": "龙脑油 (lóngnǎo yóu) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Dryobalanops aromatica (Borneo camphor tree); also Cinnamomum camphora — with an aroma profile of camphoraceous, cooling, balsamic, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "龙脑油"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "lóngnǎo yóu"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Dryobalanops aromatica (Borneo camphor tree); also Cinnamomum camphora"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "camphoraceous, cooling, balsamic, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3189690",
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200008697"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "cardamom",
      "name": "Cardamom",
      "alternateName": [
        "白豆蔻",
        "báidòukòu",
        "Amomum kravanh (white/round cardamom)"
      ],
      "description": "白豆蔻 (báidòukòu) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Amomum kravanh (white/round cardamom) — with an aroma profile of camphoraceous, spicy, eucalyptus, warm.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "白豆蔻"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "báidòukòu"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Amomum kravanh (white/round cardamom)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "camphoraceous, spicy, eucalyptus, warm"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7963176",
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028314"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "cyperus",
      "name": "Cyperus",
      "alternateName": [
        "香附子",
        "xiāngfùzǐ",
        "Cyperus rotundus"
      ],
      "description": "香附子 (xiāngfùzǐ) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Cyperus rotundus — with an aroma profile of woody, spicy, earthy, smoky.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "香附子"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "xiāngfùzǐ"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Cyperus rotundus"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "woody, spicy, earthy, smoky"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200026713",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2714818"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "jiangzhenxiang",
      "name": "Jiangzhenxiang",
      "alternateName": [
        "降真香",
        "jiàngzhēnxiāng",
        "Acronychia pedunculata (classical); cf. Dalbergia odorifera (modern conflation)"
      ],
      "description": "降真香 (jiàngzhēnxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Acronychia pedunculata (classical); cf. Dalbergia odorifera (modern conflation) — with an aroma profile of woody, sweet, resinous, subtle.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "降真香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "jiàngzhēnxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Acronychia pedunculata (classical); cf. Dalbergia odorifera (modern conflation)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "woody, sweet, resinous, subtle"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Woods"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012420",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3836457"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "linglingxiang",
      "name": "Linglingxiang",
      "alternateName": [
        "零陵香",
        "línglíngxiāng",
        "Lysimachia foenum-graecum"
      ],
      "description": "零陵香 (línglíngxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Lysimachia foenum-graecum — with an aroma profile of sweet, hay-like, herbaceous, coumarin.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "零陵香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "línglíngxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Lysimachia foenum-graecum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, hay-like, herbaceous, coumarin"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200017018",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/4005054"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "orris-root",
      "name": "Orris Root",
      "alternateName": [
        "鸢尾根",
        "yuānwěi gēn",
        "Iris germanica / I. pallida (orris); cf. Iris tectorum (Chinese iris)"
      ],
      "description": "鸢尾根 (yuānwěi gēn) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Iris germanica / I. pallida (orris); cf. Iris tectorum (Chinese iris) — with an aroma profile of powdery, floral, violet, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "鸢尾根"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "yuānwěi gēn"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Iris germanica / I. pallida (orris); cf. Iris tectorum (Chinese iris)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "powdery, floral, violet, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5298069",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5298086",
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028218"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "plum-blossom",
      "name": "Plum Blossom",
      "alternateName": [
        "梅花",
        "méihuā",
        "Prunus mume (syn. Armeniaca mume)"
      ],
      "description": "梅花 (méihuā) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Prunus mume (syn. Armeniaca mume) — with an aroma profile of delicate, sweet, almondy, green-floral.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "梅花"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "méihuā"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Prunus mume (syn. Armeniaca mume)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "delicate, sweet, almondy, green-floral"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200010631",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3021046"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "spikenard-nardostachys",
      "name": "Spikenard",
      "alternateName": [
        "甘松",
        "gānsōng",
        "Nardostachys jatamansi"
      ],
      "description": "甘松 (gānsōng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Nardostachys jatamansi — with an aroma profile of earthy, woody, sweet, musky.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "甘松"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "gānsōng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Nardostachys jatamansi"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "earthy, woody, sweet, musky"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200022534",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/4095989"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "star-anise",
      "name": "Star Anise",
      "alternateName": [
        "八角",
        "bājiǎo",
        "Illicium verum"
      ],
      "description": "八角 (bājiǎo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Illicium verum — with an aroma profile of sweet, licorice, warm, spicy.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "八角"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "bājiǎo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Illicium verum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, licorice, warm, spicy"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200008460",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2889756"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "styrax-resin",
      "name": "Storax",
      "alternateName": [
        "苏合香",
        "sūhéxiāng",
        "Liquidambar orientalis (Oriental sweetgum / storax)"
      ],
      "description": "苏合香 (sūhéxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Liquidambar orientalis (Oriental sweetgum / storax) — with an aroma profile of sweet, balsamic, resinous, warm.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "苏合香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "sūhéxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Liquidambar orientalis (Oriental sweetgum / storax)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, balsamic, resinous, warm"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3152825",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3702542"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "red-sandalwood",
      "name": "Red Sandalwood",
      "alternateName": [
        "紫檀",
        "zǐtán",
        "Pterocarpus santalinus"
      ],
      "description": "紫檀 (zǐtán) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Pterocarpus santalinus — with an aroma profile of woody, sweet, rosy, spicy.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "紫檀"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "zǐtán"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Pterocarpus santalinus"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "woody, sweet, rosy, spicy"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Woods"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5708628",
        "https://checklist.cites.org/#/en/search?output_layout=alphabetical&scientific_name=Pterocarpus%20santalinus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "camphor",
      "name": "Camphor",
      "alternateName": [
        "樟木",
        "zhāngmù",
        "Cinnamomum camphora"
      ],
      "description": "樟木 (zhāngmù) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Cinnamomum camphora — with an aroma profile of camphoraceous, cooling, woody, fresh.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "樟木"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "zhāngmù"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Cinnamomum camphora"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "camphoraceous, cooling, woody, fresh"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Woods"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200008697",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3033991"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "fennel",
      "name": "Fennel",
      "alternateName": [
        "小茴香",
        "xiǎohuíxiāng",
        "Foeniculum vulgare"
      ],
      "description": "小茴香 (xiǎohuíxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Foeniculum vulgare — with an aroma profile of sweet, anise, warm, herbaceous.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "小茴香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "xiǎohuíxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Foeniculum vulgare"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, anise, warm, herbaceous"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200015555",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3034922"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "eupatorium",
      "name": "Eupatorium",
      "alternateName": [
        "佩兰",
        "pèilán",
        "Eupatorium fortunei"
      ],
      "description": "佩兰 (pèilán) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Eupatorium fortunei — with an aroma profile of herbal, aromatic, sweet, fresh.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "佩兰"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "pèilán"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Eupatorium fortunei"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, aromatic, sweet, fresh"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200023934",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5403095"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "ligusticum",
      "name": "Ligusticum",
      "alternateName": [
        "藁本",
        "gǎoběn",
        "Ligusticum sinense"
      ],
      "description": "藁本 (gǎoběn) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Ligusticum sinense — with an aroma profile of herbal, aromatic, spicy, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "藁本"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "gǎoběn"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Ligusticum sinense"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, aromatic, spicy, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200015664",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/6026996"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "citronella",
      "name": "Citronella",
      "alternateName": [
        "香茅",
        "xiāngmáo",
        "Cymbopogon citratus"
      ],
      "description": "香茅 (xiāngmáo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Cymbopogon citratus — with an aroma profile of citrusy, lemony, fresh, grassy.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "香茅"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "xiāngmáo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Cymbopogon citratus"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "citrusy, lemony, fresh, grassy"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200025088",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2705275"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "gardenia",
      "name": "Gardenia",
      "alternateName": [
        "栀子花",
        "zhīzihuā",
        "Gardenia jasminoides"
      ],
      "description": "栀子花 (zhīzihuā) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Gardenia jasminoides — with an aroma profile of sweet, creamy, white-floral, heady.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "栀子花"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "zhīzihuā"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Gardenia jasminoides"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, creamy, white-floral, heady"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200022091",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5335125"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "champaca",
      "name": "Champaca",
      "alternateName": [
        "白兰花",
        "báilánhuā",
        "Michelia alba (syn. Magnolia × alba)"
      ],
      "description": "白兰花 (báilánhuā) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Michelia alba (syn. Magnolia × alba) — with an aroma profile of sweet, floral, fruity, heady.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "白兰花"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "báilánhuā"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Michelia alba (syn. Magnolia × alba)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, floral, fruity, heady"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3987892",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5635329"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "nutmeg",
      "name": "Nutmeg",
      "alternateName": [
        "肉豆蔻",
        "ròudòukòu",
        "Myristica fragrans"
      ],
      "description": "肉豆蔻 (ròudòukòu) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Myristica fragrans — with an aroma profile of warm, spicy, sweet, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "肉豆蔻"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "ròudòukòu"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Myristica fragrans"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "warm, spicy, sweet, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5406817"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "sand-ginger",
      "name": "Sand Ginger",
      "alternateName": [
        "山柰",
        "shānnài",
        "Kaempferia galanga"
      ],
      "description": "山柰 (shānnài) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Kaempferia galanga — with an aroma profile of camphoraceous, spicy, earthy, floral.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "山柰"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "shānnài"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Kaempferia galanga"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "camphoraceous, spicy, earthy, floral"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5301451"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "costus",
      "name": "Costus",
      "alternateName": [
        "木香",
        "mùxiāng",
        "Saussurea costus (syn. Dolomiaea costus, Aucklandia lappa)"
      ],
      "description": "木香 (mùxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Saussurea costus (syn. Dolomiaea costus, Aucklandia lappa) — with an aroma profile of earthy, woody, musky, animalic.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "木香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "mùxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Saussurea costus (syn. Dolomiaea costus, Aucklandia lappa)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "earthy, woody, musky, animalic"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5404129",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/10864861",
        "https://checklist.cites.org/#/en/search?output_layout=alphabetical&scientific_name=Saussurea%20costus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "cypress-seed",
      "name": "Cypress Seed",
      "alternateName": [
        "柏子",
        "bǎizǐ",
        "Platycladus orientalis"
      ],
      "description": "柏子 (bǎizǐ) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Platycladus orientalis — with an aroma profile of roasted, nutty, woody, resinous.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "柏子"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "bǎizǐ"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Platycladus orientalis"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "roasted, nutty, woody, resinous"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Seeds"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005428",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2684855"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "musk",
      "name": "Musk",
      "alternateName": [
        "麝香",
        "shèxiāng",
        "Moschus spp. (musk deer) — an animal secretion, not botanical"
      ],
      "description": "麝香 (shèxiāng) is a Chinese incense ingredient (animal-derived, not botanical) — musk, a musk deer (Moschus spp.) secretion — with an aroma profile of animalic, musky, sweet, warm. Most 'musk' today is synthetic.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "麝香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "shèxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Moschus spp. (musk deer) — an animal secretion, not botanical"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "animalic, musky, sweet, warm"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Animal"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2440988",
        "https://checklist.cites.org/#/en/search?output_layout=alphabetical&scientific_name=Moschus%20moschiferus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "onycha",
      "name": "Onycha",
      "alternateName": [
        "甲香",
        "jiǎxiāng",
        "operculum of marine gastropods (mollusc) — animal-derived, not botanical"
      ],
      "description": "甲香 (jiǎxiāng) is a Chinese incense ingredient (animal-derived, not botanical) — onycha, the operculum of marine gastropods — with an aroma profile of marine, briny, animalic, musky.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "甲香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "jiǎxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "operculum of marine gastropods (mollusc) — animal-derived, not botanical"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "marine, briny, animalic, musky"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Animal-derived"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/225"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "lotus-flower",
      "name": "Lotus Flower",
      "alternateName": [
        "莲花",
        "liánhuā",
        "Nelumbo nucifera"
      ],
      "description": "莲花 (liánhuā) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Nelumbo nucifera — with an aroma profile of floral, sweet, aquatic, fresh.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "莲花"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "liánhuā"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Nelumbo nucifera"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "floral, sweet, aquatic, fresh"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200007079",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2882449"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "cubeb",
      "name": "Cubeb",
      "alternateName": [
        "荜澄茄",
        "bìchéngqié",
        "Piper cubeba"
      ],
      "description": "荜澄茄 (bìchéngqié) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Piper cubeba — with an aroma profile of spicy, peppery, woody, camphoraceous.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "荜澄茄"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "bìchéngqié"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Piper cubeba"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "spicy, peppery, woody, camphoraceous"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7606629"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "long-pepper",
      "name": "Long Pepper",
      "alternateName": [
        "荜茇",
        "bìbá",
        "Piper longum"
      ],
      "description": "荜茇 (bìbá) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Piper longum — with an aroma profile of spicy, pungent, warm, sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "荜茇"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "bìbá"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Piper longum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "spicy, pungent, warm, sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005574",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3086338"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "coriander-seed",
      "name": "Coriander Seed",
      "alternateName": [
        "芫荽籽",
        "yánsuī zǐ",
        "Coriandrum sativum"
      ],
      "description": "芫荽籽 (yánsuī zǐ) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Coriandrum sativum — with an aroma profile of citrus, woody, spicy, floral.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "芫荽籽"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "yánsuī zǐ"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Coriandrum sativum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "citrus, woody, spicy, floral"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Seeds"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200015503",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3034871"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "litchi-husk",
      "name": "Litchi Husk",
      "alternateName": [
        "荔枝壳",
        "lìzhī ké",
        "Litchi chinensis (the husk / pericarp)"
      ],
      "description": "荔枝壳 (lìzhī ké) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Litchi chinensis (the husk / pericarp) — with an aroma profile of fruity, sweet, floral, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "荔枝壳"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "lìzhī ké"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Litchi chinensis (the husk / pericarp)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "fruity, sweet, floral, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Peels"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200013205",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3190002"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "galangal",
      "name": "Galangal",
      "alternateName": [
        "高良姜",
        "gāoliángjiāng",
        "Alpinia officinarum"
      ],
      "description": "高良姜 (gāoliángjiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Alpinia officinarum — with an aroma profile of spicy, gingery, camphoraceous, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "高良姜"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "gāoliángjiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Alpinia officinarum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "spicy, gingery, camphoraceous, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028288",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5302199"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "dragons-blood",
      "name": "Dragon's Blood",
      "alternateName": [
        "血竭",
        "xuèjié",
        "Daemonorops draco (syn. Calamus draco) — the fruit resin"
      ],
      "description": "血竭 (xuèjié) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Daemonorops draco (syn. Calamus draco) — the fruit resin — with an aroma profile of resinous, sweet, woody, balsamic.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "血竭"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "xuèjié"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Daemonorops draco (syn. Calamus draco) — the fruit resin"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "resinous, sweet, woody, balsamic"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2735014"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "paicao",
      "name": "Paicao",
      "alternateName": [
        "排草",
        "páicǎo",
        "Lysimachia capillipes"
      ],
      "description": "排草 (páicǎo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Lysimachia capillipes — with an aroma profile of herbal, sweet, hay-like, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "排草"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "páicǎo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Lysimachia capillipes"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, sweet, hay-like, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200016984",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/4005914"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "rue",
      "name": "Rue",
      "alternateName": [
        "芸香",
        "yúnxiāng",
        "Ruta graveolens"
      ],
      "description": "芸香 (yúnxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Ruta graveolens — with an aroma profile of bitter, herbal, green, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "芸香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "yúnxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Ruta graveolens"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "bitter, herbal, green, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3190382"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "bletilla",
      "name": "Bletilla",
      "alternateName": [
        "白及",
        "báijí",
        "Bletilla striata"
      ],
      "description": "白及 (báijí) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Bletilla striata — with an aroma profile of neutral, slightly sweet, earthy, starchy.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "白及"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "báijí"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Bletilla striata"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "neutral, slightly sweet, earthy, starchy"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028535",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2808791"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "civet",
      "name": "Civet",
      "alternateName": [
        "灵猫香",
        "língmāoxiāng",
        "Civettictis civetta (African civet); Viverricula indica (small Indian civet) — animal-derived, not botanical"
      ],
      "description": "灵猫香 (língmāoxiāng) is a Chinese incense ingredient (animal-derived, not botanical) — civet, the glandular secretion of civets (Civettictis civetta / Viverricula indica) — with an aroma profile of animalic, musky, sweet, warm. Most 'civet' today is synthetic.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "灵猫香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "língmāoxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Civettictis civetta (African civet); Viverricula indica (small Indian civet) — animal-derived, not botanical"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "animalic, musky, sweet, warm"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Animal"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2434634",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2434600",
        "https://checklist.cites.org/#/en/search?output_layout=alphabetical&scientific_name=Viverricula%20indica"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "pepper",
      "name": "Pepper",
      "alternateName": [
        "胡椒",
        "hújiāo",
        "Piper nigrum"
      ],
      "description": "胡椒 (hújiāo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Piper nigrum — with an aroma profile of spicy, pungent, warm, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "胡椒"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "hújiāo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Piper nigrum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "spicy, pungent, warm, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005581",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3086357"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "ginger",
      "name": "Dried Ginger",
      "alternateName": [
        "干姜",
        "gānjiāng",
        "Zingiber officinale"
      ],
      "description": "干姜 (gānjiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Zingiber officinale — with an aroma profile of spicy, pungent, warm, slightly citrusy.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "干姜"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "gānjiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Zingiber officinale"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "spicy, pungent, warm, slightly citrusy"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028468",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2757280"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "magnolia-flower",
      "name": "Magnolia Flower",
      "alternateName": [
        "辛夷",
        "xīnyí",
        "Magnolia biondii (Flora of China: Yulania biondii)"
      ],
      "description": "辛夷 (xīnyí) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Magnolia biondii (Flora of China: Yulania biondii) — with an aroma profile of floral, spicy, green, slightly camphoraceous.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "辛夷"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "xīnyí"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Magnolia biondii (Flora of China: Yulania biondii)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "floral, spicy, green, slightly camphoraceous"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3153889",
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=250090265"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "wintersweet",
      "name": "Wintersweet",
      "alternateName": [
        "蜡梅",
        "làmèi",
        "Chimonanthus praecox"
      ],
      "description": "蜡梅 (làmèi) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Chimonanthus praecox — with an aroma profile of sweet, floral, honeyed, waxy.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "蜡梅"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "làmèi"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Chimonanthus praecox"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, floral, honeyed, waxy"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200008496",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7275851"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "turmeric",
      "name": "Turmeric",
      "alternateName": [
        "姜黄",
        "jiānghuáng",
        "Curcuma longa"
      ],
      "description": "姜黄 (jiānghuáng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Curcuma longa — with an aroma profile of earthy, warm, spicy, bitter.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "姜黄"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "jiānghuáng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Curcuma longa"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "earthy, warm, spicy, bitter"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028370",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2757624"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "labdanum",
      "name": "Labdanum",
      "alternateName": [
        "岩蔷薇",
        "yánqiángwēi",
        "Cistus ladanifer (gum rockrose)"
      ],
      "description": "岩蔷薇 (yánqiángwēi) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Cistus ladanifer (gum rockrose) — with an aroma profile of resinous, balsamic, leathery, amber.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "岩蔷薇"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "yánqiángwēi"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Cistus ladanifer (gum rockrose)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "resinous, balsamic, leathery, amber"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/6437976"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "mastic",
      "name": "Mastic",
      "alternateName": [
        "玛蹄脂",
        "mǎtízhī",
        "Pistacia lentiscus"
      ],
      "description": "玛蹄脂 (mǎtízhī) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Pistacia lentiscus — with an aroma profile of resinous, piney, fresh, balsamic.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "玛蹄脂"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "mǎtízhī"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Pistacia lentiscus"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "resinous, piney, fresh, balsamic"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3190583"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "asafoetida",
      "name": "Asafoetida",
      "alternateName": [
        "阿魏",
        "āwèi",
        "Ferula assa-foetida"
      ],
      "description": "阿魏 (āwèi) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Ferula assa-foetida — with an aroma profile of pungent, sulfurous, savory, resinous.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "阿魏"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "āwèi"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Ferula assa-foetida"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "pungent, sulfurous, savory, resinous"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/8113074",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3636475"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "perilla",
      "name": "Perilla",
      "alternateName": [
        "紫苏",
        "zǐsū",
        "Perilla frutescens"
      ],
      "description": "紫苏 (zǐsū) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Perilla frutescens — with an aroma profile of herbal, minty, sweet, anise-like.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "紫苏"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "zǐsū"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Perilla frutescens"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, minty, sweet, anise-like"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019964",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5341394"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "mint",
      "name": "Mint",
      "alternateName": [
        "薄荷",
        "bòhé",
        "Mentha haplocalyx (syn. Mentha canadensis)"
      ],
      "description": "薄荷 (bòhé) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Mentha haplocalyx (syn. Mentha canadensis) — with an aroma profile of cooling, minty, fresh, sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "薄荷"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "bòhé"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Mentha haplocalyx (syn. Mentha canadensis)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "cooling, minty, fresh, sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210001261",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2927198"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "pomelo-peel",
      "name": "Pomelo Peel",
      "alternateName": [
        "柚皮",
        "yòupí",
        "Citrus maxima (pomelo peel)"
      ],
      "description": "柚皮 (yòupí) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Citrus maxima (pomelo peel) — with an aroma profile of citrus, bittersweet, floral, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "柚皮"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "yòupí"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Citrus maxima (pomelo peel)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "citrus, bittersweet, floral, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Peels"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242412666",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3190160"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "thuja",
      "name": "Thuja",
      "alternateName": [
        "崖柏",
        "yábǎi",
        "Thuja sutchuenensis"
      ],
      "description": "崖柏 (yábǎi) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Thuja sutchuenensis — with an aroma profile of woody, cedar-like, resinous, slightly smoky.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "崖柏"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "yábǎi"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Thuja sutchuenensis"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "woody, cedar-like, resinous, slightly smoky"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Woods"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005459",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2684170"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "banksia-rose",
      "name": "Banksia Rose",
      "alternateName": [
        "木香花",
        "mùxiānghuā",
        "Rosa banksiae"
      ],
      "description": "木香花 (mùxiānghuā) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Rosa banksiae — with an aroma profile of sweet, floral, honeyed, green.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "木香花"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "mùxiānghuā"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Rosa banksiae"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, floral, honeyed, green"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200011215",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3004247"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "jasmine-grandiflorum",
      "name": "Spanish Jasmine",
      "alternateName": [
        "素馨",
        "sùxīn",
        "Jasminum grandiflorum"
      ],
      "description": "素馨 (sùxīn) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Jasminum grandiflorum — with an aroma profile of sweet, floral, heady, green.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "素馨"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "sùxīn"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Jasminum grandiflorum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, floral, heady, green"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000862",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3172262"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "yulan-magnolia",
      "name": "Yulan Magnolia",
      "alternateName": [
        "玉兰",
        "yùlán",
        "Magnolia denudata"
      ],
      "description": "玉兰 (yùlán) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Magnolia denudata — with an aroma profile of floral, fresh, green, slightly lemony.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "玉兰"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "yùlán"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Magnolia denudata"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "floral, fresh, green, slightly lemony"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=250090269",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3153582"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "honeysuckle",
      "name": "Honeysuckle",
      "alternateName": [
        "金银花",
        "jīnyínhuā",
        "Lonicera japonica"
      ],
      "description": "金银花 (jīnyínhuā) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Lonicera japonica — with an aroma profile of sweet, floral, honeyed, green.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "金银花"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "jīnyínhuā"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Lonicera japonica"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, floral, honeyed, green"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200022324",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5334240"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "amomum-villosum",
      "name": "Amomum villosum",
      "alternateName": [
        "砂仁",
        "shārén",
        "Amomum villosum (syn. Wurfbainia villosa)"
      ],
      "description": "砂仁 (shārén) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Amomum villosum (syn. Wurfbainia villosa) — with an aroma profile of spicy, camphoraceous, warm, slightly bitter.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "砂仁"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "shārén"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Amomum villosum (syn. Wurfbainia villosa)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "spicy, camphoraceous, warm, slightly bitter"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028347",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/11082522"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "tsao-ko",
      "name": "Tsaoko",
      "alternateName": [
        "草果",
        "cǎoguǒ",
        "Amomum tsao-ko (FOC: Amomum tsaoko; syn. Lanxangia tsao-ko)"
      ],
      "description": "草果 (cǎoguǒ) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Amomum tsao-ko (FOC: Amomum tsaoko; syn. Lanxangia tsao-ko) — with an aroma profile of smoky, spicy, camphoraceous, warm.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "草果"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "cǎoguǒ"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Amomum tsao-ko (FOC: Amomum tsaoko; syn. Lanxangia tsao-ko)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "smoky, spicy, camphoraceous, warm"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=240001100",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/10966714"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "galbanum",
      "name": "Galbanum",
      "alternateName": [
        "白松香",
        "báisōngxiāng",
        "Ferula gummosa"
      ],
      "description": "白松香 (báisōngxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Ferula gummosa — with an aroma profile of green, balsamic, earthy, sharp.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "白松香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "báisōngxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Ferula gummosa"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "green, balsamic, earthy, sharp"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3034683"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "bay-leaf",
      "name": "Bay Leaf",
      "alternateName": [
        "月桂叶",
        "yuèguì yè",
        "Laurus nobilis"
      ],
      "description": "月桂叶 (yuèguì yè) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Laurus nobilis — with an aroma profile of herbal, camphoraceous, fresh, slightly sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "月桂叶"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "yuèguì yè"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Laurus nobilis"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, camphoraceous, fresh, slightly sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3034015"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "rosemary",
      "name": "Rosemary",
      "alternateName": [
        "迷迭香",
        "mídiéxiāng",
        "Salvia rosmarinus (syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)"
      ],
      "description": "迷迭香 (mídiéxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Salvia rosmarinus (syn. Rosmarinus officinalis) — with an aroma profile of herbal, camphoraceous, fresh, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "迷迭香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "mídiéxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Salvia rosmarinus (syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, camphoraceous, fresh, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/10902460"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "finger-citron",
      "name": "Finger Citron",
      "alternateName": [
        "佛手",
        "fóshǒu",
        "Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis"
      ],
      "description": "佛手 (fóshǒu) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis — with an aroma profile of citrus, floral, sweet, bright.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "佛手"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "fóshǒu"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "citrus, floral, sweet, bright"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Fruits"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012432",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3190157"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "citron",
      "name": "Citron",
      "alternateName": [
        "香橼",
        "xiāngyuán",
        "Citrus medica"
      ],
      "description": "香橼 (xiāngyuán) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Citrus medica — with an aroma profile of citrus, floral, sweet, slightly bitter.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "香橼"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "xiāngyuán"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Citrus medica"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "citrus, floral, sweet, slightly bitter"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Fruits"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012432",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3190157"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "licorice",
      "name": "Licorice",
      "alternateName": [
        "甘草",
        "gāncǎo",
        "Glycyrrhiza uralensis"
      ],
      "description": "甘草 (gāncǎo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Glycyrrhiza uralensis — with an aroma profile of sweet, woody, earthy, slightly bitter.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "甘草"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "gāncǎo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Glycyrrhiza uralensis"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, woody, earthy, slightly bitter"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012145",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7861283"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "honey",
      "name": "Honey",
      "alternateName": [
        "蜂蜜",
        "fēngmì",
        "Apis mellifera (honey bee)"
      ],
      "description": "蜂蜜 (fēngmì) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Apis mellifera (honey bee) — bee product, not botanical — with an aroma profile of sweet, floral, warm, caramel.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "蜂蜜"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "fēngmì"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Apis mellifera (honey bee) — bee product, not botanical"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, floral, warm, caramel"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Animal-derived"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/1341976"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "aromatic-turmeric",
      "name": "Aromatic Turmeric",
      "alternateName": [
        "郁金",
        "yùjīn",
        "Curcuma aromatica"
      ],
      "description": "郁金 (yùjīn) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Curcuma aromatica — with an aroma profile of earthy, camphoraceous, warm, slightly bitter.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "郁金"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "yùjīn"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Curcuma aromatica"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "earthy, camphoraceous, warm, slightly bitter"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028365",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2757544"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "zedoary",
      "name": "Zedoary",
      "alternateName": [
        "莪术",
        "ézhú",
        "Curcuma zedoaria (cf. Curcuma phaeocaulis)"
      ],
      "description": "莪术 (ézhú) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Curcuma zedoaria (cf. Curcuma phaeocaulis) — with an aroma profile of earthy, camphoraceous, warm, slightly bitter.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "莪术"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "ézhú"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Curcuma zedoaria (cf. Curcuma phaeocaulis)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "earthy, camphoraceous, warm, slightly bitter"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028371",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2757545"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "orchid",
      "name": "Orchid",
      "alternateName": [
        "兰花",
        "lánhuā",
        "Cymbidium ensifolium"
      ],
      "description": "兰花 (lánhuā) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Cymbidium ensifolium — with an aroma profile of floral, sweet, green, delicate.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "兰花"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "lánhuā"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Cymbidium ensifolium"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "floral, sweet, green, delicate"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028607",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5305481"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "daphne",
      "name": "Daphne",
      "alternateName": [
        "瑞香",
        "ruìxiāng",
        "Daphne odora"
      ],
      "description": "瑞香 (ruìxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Daphne odora — with an aroma profile of sweet, floral, spicy, green.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "瑞香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "ruìxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Daphne odora"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, floral, spicy, green"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014513",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7670260"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "michelia-figo",
      "name": "Banana Shrub",
      "alternateName": [
        "含笑花",
        "hánxiào huā",
        "Michelia figo (syn. Magnolia figo)"
      ],
      "description": "含笑花 (hánxiào huā) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Michelia figo (syn. Magnolia figo) — with an aroma profile of sweet, fruity, floral, banana.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "含笑花"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "hánxiào huā"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Michelia figo (syn. Magnolia figo)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, fruity, floral, banana"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200008480",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3152997"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "katsumadai",
      "name": "Katsumadai",
      "alternateName": [
        "草豆蔻",
        "cǎodòukòu",
        "Alpinia katsumadae (syn. Alpinia hainanensis)"
      ],
      "description": "草豆蔻 (cǎodòukòu) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Alpinia katsumadae (syn. Alpinia hainanensis) — with an aroma profile of camphoraceous, spicy, warm, slightly bitter.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "草豆蔻"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "cǎodòukòu"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Alpinia katsumadae (syn. Alpinia hainanensis)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "camphoraceous, spicy, warm, slightly bitter"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028274",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5302164"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "oxyphylla",
      "name": "Sharp-Leaf Galangal",
      "alternateName": [
        "益智仁",
        "yìzhì rén",
        "Alpinia oxyphylla"
      ],
      "description": "益智仁 (yìzhì rén) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Alpinia oxyphylla — with an aroma profile of spicy, warm, camphoraceous, slightly sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "益智仁"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "yìzhì rén"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Alpinia oxyphylla"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "spicy, warm, camphoraceous, slightly sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028289",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5302068"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "prickly-ash",
      "name": "Sichuan Pepper",
      "alternateName": [
        "蜀椒",
        "shǔjiāo",
        "Zanthoxylum bungeanum"
      ],
      "description": "蜀椒 (shǔjiāo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Zanthoxylum bungeanum — with an aroma profile of spicy, citrus, numbing, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "蜀椒"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "shǔjiāo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Zanthoxylum bungeanum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "spicy, citrus, numbing, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012477",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7269010"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "litsea-cubeba",
      "name": "Mountain Pepper",
      "alternateName": [
        "山鸡椒",
        "shānjījiāo",
        "Litsea cubeba"
      ],
      "description": "山鸡椒 (shānjījiāo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Litsea cubeba — with an aroma profile of citrus, lemony, spicy, floral.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "山鸡椒"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "shānjījiāo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Litsea cubeba"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "citrus, lemony, spicy, floral"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Fruits"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200008831",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3033977"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "amber",
      "name": "Amber",
      "alternateName": [
        "琥珀",
        "hǔpò",
        "fossil resin (not botanical)"
      ],
      "description": "琥珀 (hǔpò) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — fossil resin (not botanical) — with an aroma profile of resinous, warm, sweet, balsamic.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "琥珀"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "hǔpò"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "fossil resin (not botanical)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "resinous, warm, sweet, balsamic"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/木之一",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/香乘"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "juniper",
      "name": "Juniper",
      "alternateName": [
        "杜松",
        "dùsōng",
        "Juniperus communis"
      ],
      "description": "杜松 (dùsōng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Juniperus communis — with an aroma profile of woody, piney, resinous, fresh.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "杜松"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "dùsōng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Juniperus communis"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "woody, piney, resinous, fresh"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Woods"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2684709"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "basil",
      "name": "Basil",
      "alternateName": [
        "罗勒",
        "luólè",
        "Ocimum basilicum"
      ],
      "description": "罗勒 (luólè) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Ocimum basilicum — with an aroma profile of sweet, green, spicy, anise-like.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "罗勒"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "luólè"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Ocimum basilicum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, green, spicy, anise-like"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019914",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2927096",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/菜之一"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "elsholtzia",
      "name": "Elsholtzia",
      "alternateName": [
        "香薷",
        "xiāngrú",
        "Elsholtzia ciliata"
      ],
      "description": "香薷 (xiāngrú) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Elsholtzia ciliata — with an aroma profile of minty, herbal, spicy, slightly sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "香薷"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "xiāngrú"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Elsholtzia ciliata"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "minty, herbal, spicy, slightly sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019619",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2927075",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/草之三",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/香乘"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "aglaia",
      "name": "Aglaia",
      "alternateName": [
        "米仔兰",
        "mǐzǎilán",
        "Aglaia odorata"
      ],
      "description": "米仔兰 (mǐzǎilán) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Aglaia odorata — with an aroma profile of sweet, floral, fruity, delicate.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "米仔兰"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "mǐzǎilán"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Aglaia odorata"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, floral, fruity, delicate"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012497",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5597349"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "peony",
      "name": "Peony",
      "alternateName": [
        "芍药",
        "sháoyào",
        "Paeonia lactiflora"
      ],
      "description": "芍药 (sháoyào) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Paeonia lactiflora — with an aroma profile of floral, rosy, sweet, green.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "芍药"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "sháoyào"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Paeonia lactiflora"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "floral, rosy, sweet, green"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200008034",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3083486",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/草之三"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "anise",
      "name": "Anise",
      "alternateName": [
        "茴芹",
        "huíqín",
        "Pimpinella anisum"
      ],
      "description": "茴芹 (huíqín) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Pimpinella anisum — with an aroma profile of sweet, licorice, warm, spicy.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "茴芹"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "huíqín"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Pimpinella anisum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, licorice, warm, spicy"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200015767",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/8080300"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "cumin",
      "name": "Cumin",
      "alternateName": [
        "孜然",
        "zīrán",
        "Cuminum cyminum"
      ],
      "description": "孜然 (zīrán) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Cuminum cyminum — with an aroma profile of warm, spicy, earthy, slightly bitter.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "孜然"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "zīrán"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Cuminum cyminum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "warm, spicy, earthy, slightly bitter"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3034775"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "shellac",
      "name": "Shellac",
      "alternateName": [
        "紫草茸",
        "zǐcǎoróng",
        "Kerria lacca (lac insect; formerly Laccifer lacca) — lac resin"
      ],
      "description": "紫草茸 (zǐcǎoróng) is a Chinese incense ingredient (insect-derived, not botanical) — lac resin, the secretion of the lac insect Kerria lacca (formerly Laccifer lacca) — with an aroma profile of resinous, waxy, subtle, slightly sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "紫草茸"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "zǐcǎoróng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Kerria lacca (lac insect; formerly Laccifer lacca) — lac resin"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "resinous, waxy, subtle, slightly sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5812747",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/蟲之一",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/香乘"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "beeswax",
      "name": "Beeswax",
      "alternateName": [
        "蜂蜡",
        "fēnglà",
        "Apis cerana & A. mellifera (bee product) — beeswax"
      ],
      "description": "蜂蜡 (fēnglà) is a Chinese incense ingredient (bee product, not botanical) — beeswax, the wax of honey bees (Apis cerana & A. mellifera) — with an aroma profile of waxy, honeyed, warm, slightly sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "蜂蜡"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "fēnglà"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Apis cerana & A. mellifera (bee product) — beeswax"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "waxy, honeyed, warm, slightly sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Animal-derived"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/1341979",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/1341976",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/蟲之一"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "torreya",
      "name": "Torreya",
      "alternateName": [
        "香榧",
        "xiāngfěi",
        "Torreya grandis"
      ],
      "description": "香榧 (xiāngfěi) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Torreya grandis — with an aroma profile of nutty, woody, resinous, roasted.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "香榧"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "xiāngfěi"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Torreya grandis"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "nutty, woody, resinous, roasted"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Seeds"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005500",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5284483",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/果之三"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "kumquat",
      "name": "Kumquat",
      "alternateName": [
        "金橘",
        "jīnjú",
        "Citrus japonica (syn. Fortunella japonica)"
      ],
      "description": "金橘 (jīnjú) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Citrus japonica (syn. Fortunella japonica) — with an aroma profile of citrus, sweet, floral, bright.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "金橘"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "jīnjú"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Citrus japonica (syn. Fortunella japonica)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "citrus, sweet, floral, bright"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Fruits"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242313265",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3831801",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/果之二"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "castoreum",
      "name": "Castoreum",
      "alternateName": [
        "海狸香",
        "hǎilíxiāng",
        "Castor fiber (Eurasian beaver) — animal secretion"
      ],
      "description": "海狸香 (hǎilíxiāng) is a Chinese incense ingredient (animal-derived, not botanical) — castoreum, a beaver (Castor fiber) secretion — with an aroma profile of animalic, leathery, smoky, sweet. Historical Western perfumery fixative; modern 'castoreum' is synthetic.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "海狸香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "hǎilíxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Castor fiber (Eurasian beaver) — animal secretion"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "animalic, leathery, smoky, sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Animal"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/4409131"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "blumea-balsamifera",
      "name": "Blumea Balsamifera",
      "alternateName": [
        "艾纳香",
        "àinàxiāng",
        "Blumea balsamifera"
      ],
      "description": "艾纳香 (àinàxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Blumea balsamifera — with an aroma profile of camphoraceous, herbal, cooling, slightly sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "艾纳香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "àinàxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Blumea balsamifera"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "camphoraceous, herbal, cooling, slightly sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200023545",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5395786",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/草之三"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "tuberose",
      "name": "Tuberose",
      "alternateName": [
        "晚香玉",
        "wǎnxiāngyù",
        "Agave amica (syn. Polianthes tuberosa)"
      ],
      "description": "晚香玉 (wǎnxiāngyù) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Agave amica (syn. Polianthes tuberosa) — with an aroma profile of sweet, floral, creamy, heady.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "晚香玉"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "wǎnxiāngyù"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Agave amica (syn. Polianthes tuberosa)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, floral, creamy, heady"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/10868891",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2775487"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "dill",
      "name": "Dill",
      "alternateName": [
        "莳萝",
        "shíluó",
        "Anethum graveolens"
      ],
      "description": "莳萝 (shíluó) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Anethum graveolens — with an aroma profile of herbal, fresh, anise-like, slightly sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "莳萝"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "shíluó"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Anethum graveolens"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, fresh, anise-like, slightly sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200015349",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3034646",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/菜之一"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "mustard",
      "name": "Mustard Seed",
      "alternateName": [
        "芥子",
        "jièzǐ",
        "Sinapis alba (white mustard); Brassica juncea (brown/leaf mustard)"
      ],
      "description": "芥子 (jièzǐ) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Sinapis alba (white mustard); Brassica juncea (brown/leaf mustard) — with an aroma profile of pungent, sharp, spicy, green.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "芥子"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "jièzǐ"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Sinapis alba (white mustard); Brassica juncea (brown/leaf mustard)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "pungent, sharp, spicy, green"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200009253",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3047621",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3042751",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/菜之一"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "apricot-kernel",
      "name": "Apricot Kernel",
      "alternateName": [
        "杏仁",
        "xìngrén",
        "Prunus armeniaca (apricot kernel)"
      ],
      "description": "杏仁 (xìngrén) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Prunus armeniaca (apricot kernel) — with an aroma profile of sweet, nutty, almondy, bitter.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "杏仁"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "xìngrén"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Prunus armeniaca (apricot kernel)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, nutty, almondy, bitter"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Seeds"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200010636",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7818643",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/果之一"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "ginkgo",
      "name": "Ginkgo Nut",
      "alternateName": [
        "银杏",
        "yínxìng",
        "Ginkgo biloba"
      ],
      "description": "银杏 (yínxìng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Ginkgo biloba — with an aroma profile of nutty, sweet, mild, slightly bitter.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "银杏"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "yínxìng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Ginkgo biloba"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "nutty, sweet, mild, slightly bitter"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Seeds"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005235",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2687885",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/果之二"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "angelica-sinensis",
      "name": "Dong Quai",
      "alternateName": [
        "当归",
        "dāngguī",
        "Angelica sinensis"
      ],
      "description": "当归 (dāngguī) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Angelica sinensis — with an aroma profile of herbal, sweet, warm, slightly spicy.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "当归"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "dāngguī"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Angelica sinensis"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, sweet, warm, slightly spicy"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200015389",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/6027415",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/草之三"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "peru-balsam",
      "name": "Peru Balsam",
      "alternateName": [
        "秘鲁香脂",
        "bìlǔ xiāngzhī",
        "Myroxylon balsamum"
      ],
      "description": "秘鲁香脂 (bìlǔ xiāngzhī) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Myroxylon balsamum — with an aroma profile of sweet, vanilla, balsamic, warm.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "秘鲁香脂"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "bìlǔ xiāngzhī"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Myroxylon balsamum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, vanilla, balsamic, warm"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5357190"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "quince",
      "name": "Quince",
      "alternateName": [
        "木瓜",
        "mùguā",
        "Pseudocydonia sinensis (syn. Chaenomeles sinensis)"
      ],
      "description": "木瓜 (mùguā) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Pseudocydonia sinensis (syn. Chaenomeles sinensis) — with an aroma profile of fruity, sweet, floral, tart.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "木瓜"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "mùguā"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Pseudocydonia sinensis (syn. Chaenomeles sinensis)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "fruity, sweet, floral, tart"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Fruits"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200010697",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3000699",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/果之二"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "platycladus-leaves",
      "name": "Arborvitae Leaves",
      "alternateName": [
        "侧柏叶",
        "cèbǎi yè",
        "Platycladus orientalis (the leafy branchlets)"
      ],
      "description": "侧柏叶 (cèbǎi yè) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Platycladus orientalis (the leafy branchlets) — with an aroma profile of woody, fresh, green, slightly resinous.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "侧柏叶"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "cèbǎi yè"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Platycladus orientalis (the leafy branchlets)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "woody, fresh, green, slightly resinous"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005428",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2684855",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/木之一"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "vanilla",
      "name": "Vanilla Bean",
      "alternateName": [
        "香草荚",
        "xiāngcǎo jiá",
        "Vanilla planifolia"
      ],
      "description": "香草荚 (xiāngcǎo jiá) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Vanilla planifolia — with an aroma profile of sweet, creamy, warm, gourmand.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "香草荚"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "xiāngcǎo jiá"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Vanilla planifolia"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, creamy, warm, gourmand"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Fruits"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2803398"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "silk-tree",
      "name": "Silk Tree Flower",
      "alternateName": [
        "合欢花",
        "héhuān huā",
        "Albizia julibrissin"
      ],
      "description": "合欢花 (héhuān huā) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Albizia julibrissin — with an aroma profile of sweet, floral, delicate, slightly powdery.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "合欢花"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "héhuān huā"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Albizia julibrissin"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, floral, delicate, slightly powdery"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200011875",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2972983",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/木之二"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "pine-needles",
      "name": "Pine Needles",
      "alternateName": [
        "松针",
        "sōngzhēn",
        "Pinus spp. (the needles)"
      ],
      "description": "松针 (sōngzhēn) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Pinus spp. (the needles) — with an aroma profile of piney, conifer, fresh, green.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "松针"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "sōngzhēn"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Pinus spp. (the needles)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "piney, conifer, fresh, green"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005343",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5285215",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/木之一"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "bamboo-leaves",
      "name": "Bamboo Leaves",
      "alternateName": [
        "竹叶",
        "zhúyè",
        "Phyllostachys spp. (the leaves)"
      ],
      "description": "竹叶 (zhúyè) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Phyllostachys spp. (the leaves) — with an aroma profile of green, fresh, grassy, slightly sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "竹叶"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "zhúyè"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Phyllostachys spp. (the leaves)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "green, fresh, grassy, slightly sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200025925",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5290171",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/木之五"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "fenugreek",
      "name": "Fenugreek",
      "alternateName": [
        "葫芦巴",
        "húlúbā",
        "Trigonella foenum-graecum"
      ],
      "description": "葫芦巴 (húlúbā) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Trigonella foenum-graecum — with an aroma profile of sweet, maple-like, nutty, slightly bitter.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "葫芦巴"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "húlúbā"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Trigonella foenum-graecum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, maple-like, nutty, slightly bitter"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Spices"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012345",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5360475",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/草之四"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "ligusticum-chuanxiong",
      "name": "Chuanxiong",
      "alternateName": [
        "川芎",
        "chuānxiōng",
        "Ligusticum chuanxiong (syn. Conioselinum anthriscoides)"
      ],
      "description": "川芎 (chuānxiōng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Ligusticum chuanxiong (syn. Conioselinum anthriscoides) — with an aroma profile of herbal, aromatic, spicy, slightly bitter.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "川芎"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "chuānxiōng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Ligusticum chuanxiong (syn. Conioselinum anthriscoides)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, aromatic, spicy, slightly bitter"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=118546",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3639592",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/草之三"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "sophora-flower",
      "name": "Sophora Flower",
      "alternateName": [
        "槐花",
        "huáihuā",
        "Styphnolobium japonicum (syn. Sophora japonica)"
      ],
      "description": "槐花 (huáihuā) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Styphnolobium japonicum (syn. Sophora japonica) — with an aroma profile of sweet, floral, delicate, honey-like.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "槐花"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "huáihuā"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Styphnolobium japonicum (syn. Sophora japonica)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, floral, delicate, honey-like"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012322",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2963569",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/木之二"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "tree-peony",
      "name": "Tree Peony",
      "alternateName": [
        "牡丹",
        "mǔdān",
        "Paeonia suffruticosa"
      ],
      "description": "牡丹 (mǔdān) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Paeonia suffruticosa — with an aroma profile of floral, rosy, sweet, green.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "牡丹"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "mǔdān"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Paeonia suffruticosa"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "floral, rosy, sweet, green"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200008041",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7155259",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/草之三"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "mulberry-leaf",
      "name": "Mulberry Leaf",
      "alternateName": [
        "桑叶",
        "sāngyè",
        "Morus alba (the leaves)"
      ],
      "description": "桑叶 (sāngyè) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Morus alba (the leaves) — with an aroma profile of green, fresh, tea-like, slightly sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "桑叶"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "sāngyè"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Morus alba (the leaves)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "green, fresh, tea-like, slightly sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200006379",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5361889",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/木之三"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "artemisia-annua",
      "name": "Sweet Wormwood",
      "alternateName": [
        "青蒿",
        "qīnghāo",
        "Artemisia annua"
      ],
      "description": "青蒿 (qīnghāo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Artemisia annua — with an aroma profile of herbal, camphoraceous, fresh, slightly sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "青蒿"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "qīnghāo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Artemisia annua"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, camphoraceous, fresh, slightly sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200023164",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/8373355",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/草之四"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "schizonepeta",
      "name": "Schizonepeta",
      "alternateName": [
        "荆芥",
        "jīngjiè",
        "Schizonepeta tenuifolia (syn. Nepeta tenuifolia)"
      ],
      "description": "荆芥 (jīngjiè) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Schizonepeta tenuifolia (syn. Nepeta tenuifolia) — with an aroma profile of herbal, minty, spicy, fresh.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "荆芥"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "jīngjiè"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Schizonepeta tenuifolia (syn. Nepeta tenuifolia)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, minty, spicy, fresh"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210001326",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5609573",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/草之三"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "cassia-twig",
      "name": "Cassia Twig",
      "alternateName": [
        "桂枝",
        "guìzhī",
        "Cinnamomum cassia (the young twig); syn. C. aromaticum"
      ],
      "description": "桂枝 (guìzhī) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Cinnamomum cassia (the young twig); syn. C. aromaticum — with an aroma profile of warm, spicy, sweet, woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "桂枝"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "guìzhī"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Cinnamomum cassia (the young twig); syn. C. aromaticum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "warm, spicy, sweet, woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Woods"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200008698",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3033982",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/木之一"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "bergamot",
      "name": "Bergamot",
      "alternateName": [
        "佛手柑",
        "fóshǒugān",
        "Citrus × bergamia"
      ],
      "description": "佛手柑 (fóshǒugān) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Citrus × bergamia — with an aroma profile of citrus, floral, fresh, slightly bitter.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "佛手柑"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "fóshǒugān"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Citrus × bergamia"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "citrus, floral, fresh, slightly bitter"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Fruits"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/6433772"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "neroli",
      "name": "Neroli",
      "alternateName": [
        "橙花",
        "chénghuā",
        "Citrus aurantium (the flower)"
      ],
      "description": "橙花 (chénghuā) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Citrus aurantium (the flower) — with an aroma profile of floral, citrus, sweet, green.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "橙花"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "chénghuā"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Citrus aurantium (the flower)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "floral, citrus, sweet, green"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/8077391"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "valerian",
      "name": "Valerian",
      "alternateName": [
        "缬草",
        "xiécǎo",
        "Valeriana officinalis"
      ],
      "description": "缬草 (xiécǎo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Valeriana officinalis — with an aroma profile of earthy, musky, woody, rooty.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "缬草"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "xiécǎo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Valeriana officinalis"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "earthy, musky, woody, rooty"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200022560",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2888763"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "schisandra",
      "name": "Schisandra",
      "alternateName": [
        "五味子",
        "wǔwèizǐ",
        "Schisandra chinensis"
      ],
      "description": "五味子 (wǔwèizǐ) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Schisandra chinensis — with an aroma profile of fruity, berry, sour, slightly woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "五味子"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "wǔwèizǐ"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Schisandra chinensis"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "fruity, berry, sour, slightly woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Fruits"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200008486",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7696841",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/草之七"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "asarum",
      "name": "Asarum",
      "alternateName": [
        "细辛",
        "xìxīn",
        "Asarum sieboldii"
      ],
      "description": "细辛 (xìxīn) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Asarum sieboldii — with an aroma profile of pungent, spicy, rooty, camphoraceous.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "细辛"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "xìxīn"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Asarum sieboldii"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "pungent, spicy, rooty, camphoraceous"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200006671",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7313629",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/草之二"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "eupatorium-japonicum",
      "name": "Zelan",
      "alternateName": [
        "泽兰",
        "zélán",
        "Eupatorium japonicum"
      ],
      "description": "泽兰 (zélán) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Eupatorium japonicum — with an aroma profile of herbal, aromatic, fresh, slightly sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "泽兰"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "zélán"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Eupatorium japonicum"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, aromatic, fresh, slightly sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200023936",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5403118",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/草之三"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "tree-peony-bark",
      "name": "Tree Peony Bark",
      "alternateName": [
        "牡丹皮",
        "mǔdān pí",
        "Paeonia suffruticosa (root bark)"
      ],
      "description": "牡丹皮 (mǔdān pí) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Paeonia suffruticosa (root bark) — with an aroma profile of rooty, earthy, woody, faintly floral.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "牡丹皮"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "mǔdān pí"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Paeonia suffruticosa (root bark)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "rooty, earthy, woody, faintly floral"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Roots"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200008041",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7155259",
        "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/本草綱目/草之三"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "lavender",
      "name": "Lavender",
      "alternateName": [
        "薰衣草",
        "xūnyīcǎo",
        "Lavandula angustifolia"
      ],
      "description": "薰衣草 (xūnyīcǎo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Lavandula angustifolia — with an aroma profile of floral, herbal, fresh, camphoraceous.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "薰衣草"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "xūnyīcǎo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Lavandula angustifolia"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "floral, herbal, fresh, camphoraceous"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2927305"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "sage",
      "name": "Sage",
      "alternateName": [
        "鼠尾草",
        "shǔwěicǎo",
        "Salvia officinalis"
      ],
      "description": "鼠尾草 (shǔwěicǎo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Salvia officinalis — with an aroma profile of herbal, camphoraceous, green, slightly peppery.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "鼠尾草"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "shǔwěicǎo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Salvia officinalis"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, camphoraceous, green, slightly peppery"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2927004"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "thyme",
      "name": "Thyme",
      "alternateName": [
        "百里香",
        "bǎilǐxiāng",
        "Thymus vulgaris"
      ],
      "description": "百里香 (bǎilǐxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Thymus vulgaris — with an aroma profile of herbal, green, spicy, slightly medicinal.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "百里香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "bǎilǐxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Thymus vulgaris"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, green, spicy, slightly medicinal"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5341442"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "chamomile",
      "name": "Chamomile",
      "alternateName": [
        "洋甘菊",
        "yánggānjú",
        "Matricaria chamomilla"
      ],
      "description": "洋甘菊 (yánggānjú) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Matricaria chamomilla — with an aroma profile of sweet, apple-like, floral, hay-like.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "洋甘菊"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "yánggānjú"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Matricaria chamomilla"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "sweet, apple-like, floral, hay-like"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/8370958"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "ylang-ylang",
      "name": "Ylang-Ylang",
      "alternateName": [
        "依兰",
        "yīlán",
        "Cananga odorata"
      ],
      "description": "依兰 (yīlán) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Cananga odorata — with an aroma profile of floral, sweet, creamy, slightly fruity.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "依兰"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "yīlán"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Cananga odorata"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "floral, sweet, creamy, slightly fruity"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5407583"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "copaiba",
      "name": "Copaiba",
      "alternateName": [
        "古巴香脂",
        "gǔbā xiāngzhī",
        "Copaifera spp. (resin)"
      ],
      "description": "古巴香脂 (gǔbā xiāngzhī) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Copaifera spp. (resin) — with an aroma profile of woody, balsamic, resinous, slightly sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "古巴香脂"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "gǔbā xiāngzhī"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Copaifera spp. (resin)"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "woody, balsamic, resinous, slightly sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Resins"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2978115"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "violet",
      "name": "Violet",
      "alternateName": [
        "紫罗兰",
        "zǐluólán",
        "Viola odorata"
      ],
      "description": "紫罗兰 (zǐluólán) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Viola odorata — with an aroma profile of floral, sweet, powdery, green.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "紫罗兰"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "zǐluólán"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Viola odorata"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "floral, sweet, powdery, green"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5331181"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "lemon",
      "name": "Lemon",
      "alternateName": [
        "柠檬",
        "níngméng",
        "Citrus × limon"
      ],
      "description": "柠檬 (níngméng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Citrus × limon — with an aroma profile of citrus, bright, zesty, sweet, slightly sour.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "柠檬"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "níngméng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Citrus × limon"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "citrus, bright, zesty, sweet, slightly sour"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Fruits"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7647136"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "grapefruit",
      "name": "Grapefruit",
      "alternateName": [
        "葡萄柚",
        "pútáoyòu",
        "Citrus × paradisi"
      ],
      "description": "葡萄柚 (pútáoyòu) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Citrus × paradisi — with an aroma profile of citrus, fresh, bittersweet, green, slightly woody.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "葡萄柚"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "pútáoyòu"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Citrus × paradisi"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "citrus, fresh, bittersweet, green, slightly woody"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Fruits"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7469645"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "tarragon",
      "name": "Tarragon",
      "alternateName": [
        "龙蒿",
        "lónghāo",
        "Artemisia dracunculus"
      ],
      "description": "龙蒿 (lónghāo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Artemisia dracunculus — with an aroma profile of herbal, anise-like, green, slightly sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "龙蒿"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "lónghāo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Artemisia dracunculus"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "herbal, anise-like, green, slightly sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200023201",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3121581"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "spearmint",
      "name": "Spearmint",
      "alternateName": [
        "留兰香",
        "liúlánxiāng",
        "Mentha spicata"
      ],
      "description": "留兰香 (liúlánxiāng) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Mentha spicata — with an aroma profile of cooling, minty, sweet, fresh, green.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "留兰香"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "liúlánxiāng"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Mentha spicata"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "cooling, minty, sweet, fresh, green"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019821",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/2927175"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "peppermint",
      "name": "Peppermint",
      "alternateName": [
        "胡椒薄荷",
        "hújiāo bòhé",
        "Mentha × piperita"
      ],
      "description": "胡椒薄荷 (hújiāo bòhé) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Mentha × piperita — with an aroma profile of cooling, minty, sharp, camphoraceous, sweet.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "胡椒薄荷"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "hújiāo bòhé"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Mentha × piperita"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "cooling, minty, sharp, camphoraceous, sweet"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/8707933"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "eucalyptus",
      "name": "Eucalyptus",
      "alternateName": [
        "桉叶",
        "ānyè",
        "Eucalyptus globulus"
      ],
      "description": "桉叶 (ānyè) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Eucalyptus globulus — with an aroma profile of camphoraceous, fresh, sharp, slightly medicinal, clean.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "桉叶"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "ānyè"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Eucalyptus globulus"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "camphoraceous, fresh, sharp, slightly medicinal, clean"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014782",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/3176787"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "lemon-balm",
      "name": "Lemon Balm",
      "alternateName": [
        "香蜂草",
        "xiāngfēngcǎo",
        "Melissa officinalis"
      ],
      "description": "香蜂草 (xiāngfēngcǎo) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Melissa officinalis — with an aroma profile of lemony, herbal, fresh, slightly sweet, green.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "香蜂草"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "xiāngfēngcǎo"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Melissa officinalis"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "lemony, herbal, fresh, slightly sweet, green"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Herbs"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019809",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/5341501"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "DefinedTerm",
      "termCode": "lily-of-the-valley",
      "name": "Lily of the Valley",
      "alternateName": [
        "铃兰",
        "línglán",
        "Convallaria majalis"
      ],
      "description": "铃兰 (línglán) is a Chinese botanical incense ingredient — Convallaria majalis — with an aroma profile of floral, green, sweet, fresh, delicate.",
      "additionalProperty": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Chinese",
          "value": "铃兰"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Pinyin",
          "value": "línglán"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Scientific name",
          "value": "Convallaria majalis"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Type",
          "value": "ingredient"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Aroma",
          "value": "floral, green, sweet, fresh, delicate"
        },
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "name": "Category",
          "value": "Flowers"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": [
        "http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200027600",
        "https://www.gbif.org/species/7459480"
      ]
    }
  ]
}